H 

H 


UC-NRLF 


*B    1U    23E 


GIFT  OF 


1 


Afetu  Yor&  State  Education  Department 
New  York  State  Library 

LEGISLATIVE   REFERENCE   LISTS    IQ06  LEGISLATION   BULLETIN  3OC 

EMPLOYMENT  OF  BLIND 

A  partial  list  of  material  in  the   N.   Y.   State  Library  relating  to   industrial   training    and 
employment  of  the  adult  blind. 

BY 

HELEN    PAGE    BATES   PH.D. 
II 

PAGE  PAGB 


Note 27 

General 28 

United  States 30 

California 30 

Connecticut. . . 30 

Indiana 30 

Maryland 31 

Massachusetts 31 


Michigan 32 

New  York 32 

Pennsylvania 32 

Wisconsin 33 

Foreign  countries 33 

England 33 

France 34 

Germany s 34 


NOTE 

The  existing  agencies  for  improving  the  condition  of  the  blind 
in  Europe  and  the  United  States  may  be  grouped  as  educational, 
industrial  and  charitable.  The  charitable  provisions  consist  of 
pensions,  quite  generally  made  use  of  in  England,  and  found  in  this 
country  in  New  York  city  and  in  Cleveland,  also  by  recent  statute 
of  1903  introduced  into  the  state  of  Illinois.  In  addition  there  are 
public  and  private  asylums  for  the  aged  and  incapacitated  blind. 
The  educational  provisions  include  the  work  that  libraries  are 
doing  in  printing  and  circulating  embossed  books  for  the  blind, 
the  special  day  classes  in  connection  with  the  common  schools,  the 
home  teaching  of  the  adult  blind,  and  the  public  and  private  institu- 
tions for  the  young  blind.  In  the  United  States  these  institutions 
cover  the  elementary  and  lower  high  school  grades  of  instruction. 
They  furnish  also  manual  and  technical  training  in  a  few  trades, 
such  as  broom  and  mattress  making,  chair  caning,  weaving  and 
rope  making.  In  contrast  with  foreign  institutions,  the  literary 
training  in  America  is  much  more  prominent  than  the  industrial. 
Industrial  homes,  where  the  inmates  are  taught  how  to  work  and 
required  to  work  toward  their  support,  have  been  tried  in  many 
states.  The  number  of  beneficiaries  of  these  various  institutions, 
however,  aggregate  but  a  small  proportion  of  the  total  blind 
population. 

There  is  nowhere  adequate  provision  for  the  adult; blind,  80% 
of  whom  become  so  after  20  years  of  age'  and  are  thus  debarred 

36398..; 


28  N.  Y.  STATE  LIBRARY      REFERENCE  LISTS  I906 

from  admission  to  institutions.  To  meet  this  exigency  industrial 
training  schools  and  workshops  have  been  operated  for  the  adult 
blind  in  England  since  1856  and  also  in  connection  with  German 
institutions.  In  case  of  the  latter  an  efficient  system  of  after-care 
of  pupils  has  aided  materially  in  making  the  blind  self-supporting 
after  leaving  the  institution. 

In  England  the  education  of  the  blind  was  made  compulsory 
by  act  of  1894,  provision  being  made  at  the  same  time  for  a  system 
of  government  grants  by  means  of  which  certain  certified  schools 
furnish  free  instruction  for  blind  children  in  special  day  classes. 
In  the  United  States,  two  permanent  state  commissions  for  the 
blind  have  been  created,  one  in  Connecticut  to  have  general  super- 
vision of  education  and  one  in  Massachusetts  to  provide  training 
for  self-support.  Massachusetts  has  also  established  an  experiment 
station  where  new  occupations  may  be  tested  as  to  their  availability. 

The  best  general  sources  of  information  on  the  subject  are  the 
Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  report  on  the  blind  and  deaf  and 
dumb,  published  in  1889,  together  with  the  reports  of  the  Massa- 
chusetts commissions,  published  in  1900,  1904  and  1906  respec- 
tively, and  that  of  the  New  York  commission,  in  1904. 

General 

YEAR 

1888  Dow,  J.  J,  superintendent  of  Minnesota  School  for  Blind.  Organiza- 
tion to  Aid  Adult  Blind  to  Become  Self-supporting.  National  Con- 
ference of  Charities  and  Corrections.     Proceedings,  p.  1 13-19. 

Shows  that  schools  for  young  blind  can  not  supply  industrial  training  for  adult  blind 
without  great  detriment  to  the  former;  urges  need  of  organizations  similar  to  those 
of  Dresden  and  Paris,  through  which  positions  are  secured  for  pupils  of  institutions 
and  temporary  aid  given  to  unemployed  till  work  is  obtained. 

1888  Illinois  Board  of  Public  Charities.     Workshops  for  Blind.     Report 

1888,  p.69-75. 

Criticizes  the  establishment  of  industrial  homes  for  blind,  and  contrasts  the  results 
obtainable  by  local  workshops  for  blind  as  operated  in  Europe. 

1889  Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb.     Re- 

port, 1889.     London.     4V. 

Gives  summary  on  prevailing  conditions  of  blind  both  in  Europe  and  United  States, 
with  detailed  description  of  institutions  for  blind  in  England  and  on  the  continent. 

1890  United  States  Census  of  1890.    Insane,  Feeble-minded,  Deaf  and  Dumb, 

and  Blind,     v.n,  pt7. 

Tabulation  of  occupations  of  blind  men  and  women,  p.  745. 

1893     Van  Cleve,  J.  S.    The  Bearing  of  Blindness  on  Musicianship.     Music, 

3:62-69;  5:21-28,  196-206. 

Treats  of  difficulties  and  achievements  of  blind  men  as  performers,  teachers  and  com- 
posers of  music. 

1896  United  States  Bureau  of .  Education.  Statistics  on  Institutions  for 
Blind.;  *  Report  1893-96,  20:2117-21. 

Gives  geographic  distribution  of  institutions,  aggregate  number  of  teachers  and  pupils, 
and  proportiqn  of,  teachers  and  pupils- in  literary  and  industrial  departments. 


JIS70 

EMPLOYMENT  OF  BLIND  20, 


YEAR 

1898  Bennett,  A.  G.  instructor  in  diseases  of  eye  and  ear  at  University  of 
Buffalo.  Massage  as  an  Occupation  for  Blind.  Philadelphia  Medical 
Journal,  1  '.4  2  6-2  9. 

Increasing  demand  for  trained  masseurs,  both  women  and  men,  the  sensitive  touch  of 
the  blind  making  them  peculiarly  fitted  for  this  work. 

1898  Sibley,  J.  T.  superintendent  of  Missouri  School  for  Blind  at  St  Louis. 
Has  Massage  Any  Place  in  Schools  for  Blind?  American  Association 
of  Instructors  of  Blind.     Proceedings,  p.  19-31. 

1900  Allen,  E.  E.  Education  of  Defectives.  5ip.  Butler,  N.  M.  ed.  Mono- 
graphs on  Education  in  U.  S.     1900,  no.  15. 

History  of  education  of  blind,  p.18-29. 

1900  Anagnos,  Michael,  director  of  Perkins  Institute  and  Massachusetts 
School  for  Blind,  at  Boston.  Through  Education  to  Independence. 
Education,  20:298—305. 

Disapproves  of  founding  industrial  homes  for  blind  which  deprive  blind  of  needed 
association  with  business  world;  advocates  founding  of  scholarships  for  eligible  can- 
didates for  higher  education. 

1900  Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Education.  Report  on  Instruction  of 
Adult  Blind  at  their  Homes.     33P.    (House  Document  1364) 

Gives  comparative  views  of  what  is  being  done  by  English,  German  and  American 
agencies  for  adult  blind  as  to  home  teaching  and  trade  instruction. 

1904  Campbell,  C.  F.  F.  agent  of  Massachusetts  Association  for  Promoting 
Interests  of  Blind.  Spontaneous  Recreation  and  Industrial  Training 
for  the  Blind.  National  Conference  of  Charities  and  Corrections. 
Proceedings,  p. 4 19-21. 

1904  Hall,  H.  L.  superintendent  of  Pennsylvania  Working  Home  for  Blind 
Men.  Trades  for  the  Blind.  See  Report  of  Pennsylvania  Working 
Home  for  Blind  Men,  p. 2 7-37. 

1904  Massachusetts  Commission  to  Investigate  Condition  of  Adult  Blind. 
Report  1904.     i4p.     (House  Document  187) 

Commission  recommends  that  for  the  adult  blind,  20  to  60  years  of  age,  the  state  pro- 
vide employment  bureaus,  also  shop  schools  or  industrial  homes,  the  maintenance 
of  a  registration  bureau  being  a  necessary  prerequisite  to  the  success  of  "the  latter 

1904  New  York  Commission  to  Investigate  Condition  of  Adult  Blind.  Report 
1904.     74P.     (Assembly  Document  6) 

Most  comprehensive  report.  In  addition  to  material  made  available  through  Massa- 
chusetts commissions  of  1899  and  1903,  the  New  York  commission  made  careful 
investigation  of  New  York  city  pensioners,  local  poorhouses,  prominent  institutions 
of  blind  east  of  Mississippi  river,  and  through  agents  registered  conditions  of  1000 
cases  of  resident  blind  in  state. 

1904  United  States  Census  of  1900.    Benevolent  Institutions.     332p. 

P-5o-53  Schools  and  homes  for  deaf  and  blind;  p.296-305  gives  name,  location  of  pub- 
lic, private  or  ecclesiastical  institutions  for  blind,  classes  admitted,  object  of  institu- 
tion and  date  of  foundation. 

1905  McCune,  T.  F.  superintendent   Iowa    College    for  Blind  at    Vinton. 

Education  of  Blind  in  United  States.    Bulletin  of  Iowa  Institutions, 
7:429-39. 

Comparative  statement  of  the  schools  for  blind  in  the  several  states,  organization  and 
management,  per  capita  allowance  for  maintenance,  courses  of  study,  proportional 
number  of  teachers  to  enrolment  in  literary  and  industrial  departments  of  each 
institution. 

1905  Smead,  G.  L.  superintendent  of  Ohio  State  School  for  Blind.  Institu- 
tions for  Blind  in  United  States  as  essential  Part  of  Educational 
System.    Bulletin  of  Iowa  Institutions,  7:137-45. 


30  N.  Y.  STATE  LIBRARY      REFERENCE  LISTS  I906 


1905  Lewis,  F.  P.     president  of  New  York   Commission  for  Blind,  1904. 

Necessity  of  State  Care  of  Adult  Blind.    Charities,  13:497-98. 

Emphasizes  need  of  state  aid  to  furnish  trade  training  for  adult  blind  who  have  be- 
come blind  when  beyond  school  age;  all  blind,  even  if  they  have  had  industrial 
training  in  institutions,  need  assistance  in  finding  employment,  since  as  a  class  they 
are  particularly  lacking  in  knowledge  of  business  world. 

1906  : Present  Needs  of  Adult  Blind.    Charities,  15:607-9. 

Emphasizes  financial  gain  to  state  of  preventing  all  cases  of  unnecessary  blindness 
and  of  providing  trade  instruction  to  utilize  industrial  ability  of  each  adult  blind 
person. 

1906  Campbell,  C.  F.  F.  agent  of  Massachusetts  Association  for  Promoting 
Interests  of  Blind.  Scope  of  Future  Work  to  Improve  Condition  of 
Blind.     Charities,  15:610-13. 

1906     Charities  and  the  Commons.    Special  Issue  on  Blind,  15:567-658. 

1906  Massachusetts  Commission  on  Adult  Blind.  Report.  32p.  (House 
Document  275) 

Comprehensive  report,  based  on  data  collected  from  leading  institutions  for  blind  in 
Europe  and  America  supplemented  by  reports  of  3600  cases  of  adult  blind  residents 
in  state  investigated  by  field  agents.  Continuation  of  investigation  begun  by  com- 
mission of  1903. 

United  States 

California 

California  Industrial  Home  for  Mechanical  Trades  for  Adult  Blind  (Oakland). 
Reports,  1887  to  date. 

Referred  to  in  New  York  Commission  on  Blind  as  most  successful  industrial  home  for  men 
and  women  in  United  States.     Not  in  New  York  State  Library. 

Connecticut 

Connecticut  Institute  and  Industrial  Home  for  Blind  (Hartford).  Annual 
Reports,  1893  to  date. 

The  institute  was  established  in  1893  as  a  private  corporation  for  the  stated  purpose  of  fur- 
nishing trade  instruction  to  adult  blind,  under  supervision  of  State  Board  of  Education  for 
Blind.  In  1895  (ch.303)  the  state  made  appropriation  for  industrial  plant  of  institute. 
Reports  from  1893  to  date  are  to  be  found  in  those  of  State  Board  of  Charities,  also  in  those 
of  Board  of  Education  for  Blind. 

Jones,  C.  H.  superintendent  of  Industrial  Institute  for  Adult  Blind.  Indus- 
trial Institute  for  Adult  Blind,  at  Hartford,  Ct.     Charities,  15:624-26. 

Gives  early  history  leading  to  establishment  of  institute  and  describes  various  industries;  ex- 
periment of  employing  blind  in  feeding  printing  presses,  operating  stitching  machines  and 
folding  book  sheets  promises  to  be  successful. 

Connecticut  State  Board  of  Education  for  Blind.    Reports,  1893  to  date. 

Board  was  created  in  1893  (ch.156),  consisting  of  Chief  Justice  of  Supreme  Court,  Governor 
and  two  appointees,  with  power  to  direct  the  education  of  all  blind  persons  in  state.  By 
act  of  1899  (ch.218)  the  board  is  to  provide  for  those  state  beneficiaries  over  18  years  of 
age  who  have  been  pupils  in  the  industrial  department  of  any  institution,  three  years  free  in- 
struction in  some  useful  occupation,  and  at  the  end  of  the  period  implements,  not  exceeding 
$200  in  any  case,  may  be  furnished.  Reports  are  biennial  from  1895  to  1905,  thereafter  by 
act  of  1905  (ch.66)  the  reports  are  to  be  submitted  annually  in  January. 

Indiana 

McGiffen,  C.  S.  superintendent  of  Indiana  Industrial  Home  for  Blind  Men. 
Indiana  Industrial  Home  for  Blind  Men,  at  Indianapolis.  Charities,  15: 
634-35- 

Private  corporation  without  state  or  local  aid;  institution  was  opened  in  1900  as  a  workshop 
for  blind  men;  the  home  feature  at  first  introduced  has  been  abandoned;  industry  is  restricted 
to  broom  manufacture. 


EMPLOYMENT  OF  BLIND  3 1 

Maryland 
Act  to  Provide  for  Commission  to  Investigate  Condition  of  Adult  Blind:  to 
Secure  Register  of  all  Blind  Residents,  which  will  state  causes  of  blindness 
and  capacity  for  industrial  training;  to  report  recommendations  to  Legis- 
lature by  Jan.  i,  1908.    Maryland  laws  '06,  ch.290. 

Massachusetts 
Act  to  Establish  Massachusetts  Commission  for  Blind.    Massachusetts  laws 
'06,  ch.385. 

Commission  of  five  to  be  appointed  for  five  years  by  Governor  and'council,  to  prepare  and  main- 
tain register  of  blind  and  to  serve  as  bureau  of  industrial  aid;  commission  may  establish 
industrial  training  schools  and  workshops,  and  also  furnish  tools  to  any  blind  person; 
annual  report;  $20,000  appropriation  for  1906. 

Act  to  Provide  for  Instruction  of  Adult  Blind  at  their  Homes  by  Perkins 
Institute  and  Massachusetts  School  for  Blind.  Massachusetts  laws  'oo, 
ch.430. 

Follows  recommendations  of  investigating  commission  of  1899. 

Campbell,  C.  F.  F,  superintendent  of  Experiment  Station  for  Trade  Training 

of  Blind.     Experiment  Station  for  Trade  Training  of  Blind  at  Boston. 

Charities,  15:635-40,  673. 

Massachusetts  Association  for  Promoting  Interests  of  Adult  Blind  was  organized  in  1903,  with 
the  object  of  testing  new  occupations  for  blind,  and  introducing  the  blind  into  factories. 
Experiment  Station  was  opened  in  1904.  The  fundamental  principle  is  as  far  as  possible 
to  continue  a  blind  person  in  same  line  of  work  followed  before  blindness.  Handmade  rugs 
have  proved  an  available  occupation  for  women,  and  establishment  of  handicraft  shops  in 
several  centers  is  planned.  A  mop  patented  by  a  blind  workman  is  being  manufactured 
and  is  selling  well  on  the  market.  Mechanical  processes  in  manufacture  requiring  no  in- 
spection have  been  sought  out.  This  has  already  resulted  in  placing  several  blind  persons 
in  factories  alongside  of  sighted  operatives. 

Massachusetts  Census  of  1895.  Defective  Social  and  Physical  Condition. 
v.3,  pt  3- 

Tabular  analyses  given  of  number,  sex,  nativity,  illiteracy  and  employment  of  blind  residents, 
p.567-72,  592-94. 

Massachusetts  Commission  on  Adult  Blind.  Report  1906.  32p.  (House 
Document  275) 

Continuation  of  investigation  begun  by  commission  of  1903,  with  additional  material  of  pre- 
liminary state  census  returns  of  1905  and  the  consolidated  catalogue  of  3600  cases  of  blind 
residents  investigated  by  field  agents;  recommendations  same  as  those  of  preceding  com- 
mission.    For  rdsum^  see  Charities,   15:618-20. 

Massachusetts  Commission  to  Investigate  Condition  of  Adult  Blind.  Report 
1904.     i4p.     (House  Document  187) 

Commission  recommends  that  for  the  adult  blind,  20  to  60  years  of  age,  the  state  provide  em- 
ployment bureaus,  also  shop  schools  or  industrial  homes,  the  maintenance  of  a  registration 
bureau  being  a  necessary  prerequisite  to  the  success  of  the  latter. 

Massachusetts  State  Board  of  Education.  Report  on  Instruction  of  Adult 
Blind  at  their  Homes.     1900.     33P.     (House  Document  1364) 

Gives  comparative  view  of  English,  German  and  American  authorities  on  what  is  being  done 
for  adult  blind  in  homes  and  in  trades;  recommends  that  Legislature  make  appropriation 
for  limited  period  for  home  instruction  to  be  expended  by  Perkins  Institute  with  approval 
of  State  Board  of  Education.     For  resume"  see  Charities  Review,  1900,  10:194. 

Perkins  Institute  and  Massachusetts  School  for  Blind.    Reports,  1833  to  date. 

Incorporated  as  New  England  Asylum  for  Blind  in  1829;  separate  workshop  for  adult  blind  is 
maintained  in  South  Boston  for  limited  number  of  pupils;  instruction  of  adult  blind  in  homes 
is  carried  on  by  field  agents  under  supervision  of  institute  with  approval  of  Board  of  Educa- 
tion. 

Wadlin,  H.  G.  chief  of  Massachusetts  Bureau  of  Statistics  of  Labor.  Physi- 
cally Defective  Population  in  Massachusetts  in  Relation  to  Industry. 
Bulletin  1902,  no.  21,  p.1-12. 

Tabulation  of  4000  blind  persons  in  state  shows  55%  of  men  and  31%  of  women  to  be  self- 
supporting,  nearly  one  third  entirely  supported  by  families,  one  seventh  by  pensions,  pub- 
lic or  private  charity,  and  the  remainder  partially  self-supporting. 


32  N.  Y.  STATE  LIBRARY      REFERENCE  LISTS  I906 

Wright,  Lucy,  -field  agent  of  Massachusetts  Commission  for  Adult  Blind. 
Field  Work  among  Blind  in  Massachusetts.     Charities,  15:613-16. 

Much  valuable  information  gained  through  cooperation  of  blind  residents  and  local  authorities; 
need  emphasized  of  promptness  in  giving  industrial  aid  to  prevent  blind  from  drifting  into 
questionable  occupations. 

Michigan 
Michigan  Employment  Institution  for  Blind.     Biennial  Reports.     1906. 

Established  by  act  of  1903  (ch.169);  board  of  trustees  appointed  by  Governor  to  locate  site, 
erect  buildings  and  direct  management.  The  institution  is  to  carry  on  factory,  working 
home,  circulating  library  and  employment  bureau;  admission  of  adult  blind,  18-60;  state 
to  meet  expense  of  apprentices  for  period  not  exceeding  3  years;  blind  inmates  of  local  poor- 
houses  may  be  sent  to  state  institution;  $75,000  for  equipment,  $10,000  and  $25,000  for 
maintenance   1904-5. 

Hamilton,  J.  Perrine,  superintendent  of  Michigan  Employment  Institution  for 

Blind.    Michigan  Institution  for  Blind  at  Saginaw.    Charities,  15:632-34. 

Institution  was  opened  December  1904,  as  a  combination  of  industrial  home  and  workshop; 
at  present  the  broom  trade  is  principal  occupation.  Workmen  on  pay  roll  are  paid  for 
work  by  piece;  difficulty  in  getting  notice  of  institution  before  adult  blind,  as  census  is  un- 
reliable. 

New  York 

Act  to  Provide  for  Appointment  of  Commission  to  Prepare  .  .  .  Register  of 
Blind  .  .  .  and  to  Investigate  their  Condition  and  Report  on  .  .  .  Estab- 
lishment by  State  of  Industrial  Training  Schools  .  .  .  $5000.  New  York 
laws  '06,  ch.671. 

Continuation  of  movement  begun  by  commission  of  1903.     For  re'sume'  see  Charities,  15:  687. 

Morford,  E.  P.  superintendent  of  Industrial  Home  for  Blind.  Industrial 
Home  for  Blind  at  Brooklyn.     Charities,  15:627-28. 

Private  corporation  established  in  1893,  consisting  of  workshops  for  blind  mechanics  with 
home  or  boarding  house  attached;  factory  is  conducted  on  business  principles,  as  to  hours, 
wages  and  discipline. 

A  Bill  to  Investigate  Causes  of  Blindness  and  Methods  of  Prevention,  also  to 
Establish  Shop  Schools  for  Blind.    (N.  Y.  Assembly  Bill  1905,  no.  1909) 

New  York  Association  for  Promoting  Interests  of  Blind  (editorials).  Chari- 
ties, 15:362;  16:6. 

Association  organized  on  the  same  plan  and  for  same  purpose  as  Massachusetts  association;  to 
prepare  census  of  blind  in  New  York  city;  workshops  opened  in  city. 

New  York  Commission  to  Investigate  Condition  of  Adult  Blind.    Report  1904. 

74p.     (Assembly  Document  6) 

Careful  investigation  in  United  States  and  abroad  and  most  comprehensive  report.  Com- 
mission recommends  creation  of  permanent  state  commission  to  complete  and  maintain 
register  of  resident  blind,  and  establishment  of  workshops  similar  to  existing  ones  in  Europe. 
Set  also  Findings  of  New  York  State  Commission  in  Charities,  15 162 1-22. 

Pennsylvania 

Allen,  E.  E.  superintendent  of  Institution  for  Instruction  of  Blind  at  Over- 
brook.  Pennsylvania's  Inquiry  into  Condition  of  Adult  Blind.  Charities, 
15:622-23. 

Investigation  begun  in  1903  of  condition  of  blind  residents,  by  means  of  field  agents;  to  ac- 
quaint blind  with  work  of  institution  and  place  latter  in  touch  with  former  pupils. 

Pennsylvania  Working  Home  for  Blind  (Philadelphia).  Reports,  1874  to 
date. 

Incorporated  in  1874.  Combination  of  industrial  home  and  manufacturing  establishment; 
factory  of  140  blind  operatives  with  sighted  foremen,  part  residing  in  home,  part  outside; 
conventional  trades:  broom  making,  mattress  making,  carpet  weaving  and  chair  caning; 
policy  to  pay  more  than  market  price  for  articles;  $45,000  biennial  appropriation.  For 
factory  with  blind  workingmen  see  World's  Work,  6:3817-18. 


EMPLOYMENT  OF   BLIND  33 

Wisconsin 
Wisconsin  Workshop  for  Blind  (Milwaukee).     Biennial  Reports,  1904  to  date. 

This  workshop  was  established  bv  law  of  1903  (ch.432)  which  authorized  Board  of  Control  to 
rent  a  building  in  Milwaukee  where  blind  artisans  might  be  taught  a  trade;  biennial  appro- 
priation made  of  S5000  each  for  190?  and  1904.  The  workshop  was  opened  in  December 
igo;  and  after  a  few  initial  experiments  willow  ware  manufacture  was  decided  upon.  Act 
of  1005  fch.j^O  provides  t  1  it  tra  le  instruction  be  ,'ivtn  b  >t  1  to  women  and  men.  also  to 
those  n-sidin;  outside  Milwaukee  county  the  state  to  furnish  transportation  and  board 
allowance,  not  t  1  exceed  iy*  per  capita  while  learn- nQ  the  trade:  willow  farms  are  to  he 
established  at  state  institution*:  triennial  appropriation  is  increased  to  S8000  for  1905  and 
iqo6.      Rep  >rts  included  in  those  of  State  Board  of   Control 

KiisterTiann,  Oscar,  superintendent  of  Wisconsin  Workshop  for  Blirui.  Wis- 
consin Workshop  for  Blind,  at  Milwaukee.     Charities,  15:629-32. 

Describes  prices*  of  instruction  in  manufacture  of  willow  ware,  the  artisans  are  allowed  as 
earnin  's  the  difference  between  the  cost  and  the  selling  price  of  finished  product.  The  use 
of  home-  :rown  willow  will  materially  decrease  the  cost  of  product. 

Foreign   counties 

England 
Armitage,  T.  R.     Education  and  Employment  of  Blind.     London  1886. 

Comnrehensive  view  and  criticism  of  provisions  for  the  blind  based  on  personal  investigation. 
Not  in  New  York  State  Library. 

Association  for  Promoting  General  Welfare  of  Blind.     For  description  of  work 

5ft?   Report  of  Great    Britain   Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and  Deaf  and 

Dumb,  1889,  2:19. 

Association  founded  by  Miss  Gilbert  in  i8>6  to  teach  trades  to  adult  blind,  to  give  employ- 
ment in  workshops  or  at  their  homes,  to  provide  material  and  insure  market  for  products. 
System  of  workshops  has  been  generally  adopted  throughout  England,  and  in  majority  of 
cases  has  met  with  success. 

A  Bill  to  Provide  for  Technical  Education,  Employment  and  Maintenance 
of  Blind  over  16  years.       (Bill  no.  195  of  1906,  introduced  by  Mr  Steadman) 

Authorizes  county  and  borough  councils  to  establish  technical  schools,  maintaining  blind  dur- 
ing five  years  apprenticeship,  also  to  operate  municipal  workshops;  government  aid  to  50% 
of  cost. 

British  and  Foreign  Blind  Association  for  Promoting  Education  and  Employ- 
ment of  Blind.  For  description  see  Annual  Charities  Digest  and  Register, 
1904,  p.29. 

Established  in  1808  by  T.  R.  Armitage,  with  branch  associations  in  Europe,  Australia,  United 
States  and  English  provinces;  maintains  central  bureau  of  supplies  for  blind,  also  serves  as 
employment  bureau. 

Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb.  Report  1899. 
4V. 

v.  1   pref.  p. 1-43     Summary  on  blind. 

v.  2  pref.  p.  12-76     Detailed    description  of   institutes  for   blind,  industrial    homes   and  work- 
shops in  England' and  on  Continent. 

pref.   p.  154-213     Tabulation   of   English   institutions  for  blind,  comprising  9  schools,    23 
workshops,  26  combined  schools  and  workshops  and  3  asylums. 

pref.  p. 2  14-17     Tabulation  of  associations  and  missions  for  blind. 

pref.  p  218-21     Tabulation  of  school  board  classes  for  blind  in  different  cities. 

pref.  p. 222-28     Tabulation  of  pension  funds  and  charities, 
v.  4  pref.  p. 42-45     Digest  of  testimony  relating  to  industrial  training. 

pref.  p.66-75     Occupations  of  blind. 

pref.  p. 93-95     Supervision  of  pupils  on  leaving  institution. 

pref.  p.  1 09- 1 3     System  of  workshops. 

Home  Teaching  Society  for  Blind.  For  description  see  Annual  Charities  Regis- 
ter and  Digest,  1904,  p. 30.  N 

Original  society,  outgrowth  of  Moon's  system  of  home  teaching,  established  in  London  by 
Miss  Graham  in  1855;  object  to  supply  instruction  to  all  blind  at  homes  or  in  workshops; 
60  branch  societies  have  been  founded  in  provinces,  the  spread  of  movement  being  es- 
peciall  y  marked  in  the  Australias.  Home  teachers  in  many  instances  aid  in  placing  pupils 
in  employment. 


34  N-   Y.   STATE  LIBRARY       REFERENCE  LISTS   I906 

Liverpool  Workshops  and  Home  Teaching  for  Outdoor  Blind.  For  descrip- 
tion see  Annual  Charities  Register  and  Digest,  1904,  p. 36. 

Established  in  1857:  to  furnish  trade  instruction  and  employment  and  home  instruction  in 
reading  without  regard  to  age  or  denomination. 

London  Charity  Organization  Society.  Annual  Charities  Register  and  Digest. 
1890  to  date. 

Describes  work  of  150  institutions  and  associations  for  the  blind  in  Great  Britain,  classifying 
them  under  (1)  pensions,  (2)  industrial  homes,  (3)  educational  institutions 'furnishing  in- 
dustrial training,  (4)  education  and  employment  of  nonresidents,  including  workshops  and 
home  teaching. 

London  Institute  for  Massage  by  Blind.    For  description  see  Annual  Charities 

Register  arid  Digest,  1904,  p. 30. 

Established  ir»  igoi,  to  provide  under  medical  direction  employment  for  blind  as  masseurs  at 
a  central  institute  or  to  send  them  out  to  patients  in  homes  or  institutions. 

Royal  Blind  Asylum  and  School,  at  Edinburgh.    For  description  see  Report  of 

Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1889,  2  144. 

Established  in  1793.  Consists  of  educational  department  and  of  workshops,  employing  nearly 
200  workmen,  of  whom  three  fourths  are  nonresidents.  Outdoor  pupils  are  received  for 
industrial  training  to  40  years  of  age. 

Royal  Glasgow  Asylum  for  Blind.  For  description  of  institution,  by  Thomas 
Stoddart,  superintendent,  see  New  York  Commission  Report,  1904,  p. 40-44. 

Asylum  consists  of  common  school,  industrial  training  school  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ment; adult  blind  not  having  attended  school  are  admitted;  variety  of  industries  considered 
advisable  rather  than  restriction  to  a  few;  men  becoming  blind,  for  most  part,  follow  same 
trade  as  prior  to  blindness;  traveling  salesmen  employed  to  further  sales;  manufacturing 
establishment  self-supporting.  See  also  Report  of  Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  or. 
Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb,   1889,  2:  48-49. 

Eaton,  John,  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education.  Royal  Normal 
College  for  Blind,  at  London.  United  States  Bureau  of  Education,  Report 
1898-99,  31:451-70. 

Established  in  1872,  by  Dr  F.  J.  Campbell;  the  college  embraces  preparatory  and  high  school 
departments,  technical  school  and  academy  of  music.  The  institution  has  been  markedly 
successful  in  training  of  piano  tuners,  music  teachers,  pianists,  organists,  choir  masters  and 
vocalists.  The  institution  serves  also  as  employment  bureau,  a  large  proportion  of  pupils 
receiving  positions  before  leaving  college.  See  also  Report  of  Great  Britain  Royal  Commis- 
sion on  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1889,  2:  17,  and  Charities,  12:62. 

Rutherford,  John.  William  Moon  and  his  Work  for  Blind.  London  1898. 
2  8op. 

Describes  system  of  home  teaching  and  free  lending  librararies  for  blind.  Moon's  system  of 
embossed  type  especially  suited  to  aged;  adapted  to  400  different  dialects. 

France 
Institution  nationale  pour  les  jeunes  aveugles  at  Paris.     For  description  see 
Report  of  Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
1889,  2:57. 

Incorporated  in  1784  and  made  a  national  institution  in  1791.  Pioneer  of  all  educational 
institutions  for  the  blind,  founded  through  efforts  of  Valentine  Hauy,  who  first  carried  out 
the  project  of  teaching  blind  to  read  by  raised  type.  Musical  and  industrial  training  has 
been  a  prominent  feature  in  course  of  study.  Supplementing  the  work  of  the  institution, 
Society  de  placement  et  de  secours,  organized  to  secure  positions  and  give  aid  to  former 
pupils  of  institution.  In  its  main  features  it  follows  the  principles  of  supervision  carried 
out  in  Saxony.  The  Society  is  not  a  state  institution,  as  in  the  latter  country,  but  was 
recognized  by  state  in  1856.  Similar  auxiliary  societies  have  allied  themselves  to  insti- 
tutions for  blind  in  the  provinces. 

Germany 

KOnigliche  Blinden  Anstalt  (Steglitz,  near  Berlin,  Prussia).     Special  Report 

on  Courses  of  Instruction  and  Industrial  Training  prepared  for  St  Louis 

Exposition.      1903. 

Oldest  institution  in  Germany,  established  in  1802.  It  has  educational  and  well  organized 
industrial  departments.  Connected  with  it  is  a  library  for  blind  of  5000  volumes,  a  point- 
writing  printing  press,  the  Royal  Museum  for  Instruction  of  Blind,  also  Association  to  Fur- 
ther Economic  Independence  of  Blind  (Verein  zurBeforderung  derWirthschaftlichen  Selbst- 
standigkeit  der  Blinden).  See  also  Report  of  Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind 
and  Deaf  and  Dumb,  1889,  2:66-67. 


EMPLOYMENT  OF  BLIND 


35 


Konigliche  Sachsische  Landes  Blinden  Anstalt  (Dresden).     For  description  of 

institution  see  Report  of  Great  Britain  Royal  Commission  on  Blind  and 

Deaf  and  Dumb,  1889,  1:25-28;  2:69-73. 

Royal  Institution  for  Blind  was  established  as  private  corporation  in  1809,  and  made  a  state 
institution  in   1830;  it  originally  consisted  of  educational  and  industrial  departments.     It 


was  found  that  on  discharge  from  institution,  p 
carried  on  the  trade  learned,  but  shortly  rela 
supervision  of  former  pupils  was  entered  upo 
could  be  carried  on  without  a  teacher;  commerf ial  \r& 
regular  correspondence  carried  on  with  relati 
person  residing  in  locality  of  pupil  was  appoint! 
advising  and  aiding  pupils  to  secure  employ 
buying  raw  material  and  in  marketing  their  pr 
80%  of  blind  are  able  to  maintain  themselves  b 
discharged  pupils  was  begun  in  1844  which  grew 
the  annual  stipend  of  state  aid  to  blind  averaging 


BedJnto 

fcfijdicrafts 


vision  or  after-care  of  pupils  is  known  as  the  Saxon 
ally  made  use  of  in  Saxony  and  Germany  and  is  be 
England    and    United    States. 


ad  industrial  training  seldom 

In   1843  new  policy  of 

estricted  to  those  which 

ltfjf^uced  into  curriculum ; 

g  m^fcition,  a  trustworthy 

Kith  cMe^or  of  institution  in 

Spas  g|jfVi  to  blind  also  in 

ts.     By  jRjeans^pf  tni<£Vipervision,  70%- 

ades  leaned  in4&*titi5t\ns.     A  fund  for 

-°85"it  agjjrigated  $225,000, 

Thi»srstem  of  super- 


ly  until  in 
t  $25-  a. 


^as  been  gener- 
itroduction 


^ursorge^g^tem  ancT 
recommqa*ed  for 

Hauptvogel,  Richard.    Association  for  Helping  theS^jy^  AWj^ffican  Journal 

of  Sociology,  1903,  8:687-92. 

Account  of  associations  formed  in  Saxony  in  cooperation  with  Institution  at  Dresden  by  means 
of  which  a  blind  man  on  leaving  the  institution  is  found  a  suitable  place  of  employment 
through  alliance  with  some  business  man  as  guardian. 


YC191947 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CAUFORNIA  UBRARY 


